A distinctive feature of the common structure in the Forbidden City is that the columns are connected without adhesive. Instead of using bonding agents, the columns are linked to horizontal beams supporting the roof through a structural system called Dougong . In this system, “Dou” refers to wooden blocks, while “Gong” are short beams that are precisely carved so that when stacked, they interlock securely, forming a unified structure.

 

 

Since no adhesive is used, the horizontal beams can sway freely during an earthquake, allowing the buildings to remain stable. This system is an essential part of the wooden support network in traditional Chinese timber-framed architecture. Thanks to this design, the Forbidden City has stood strong for over 500 years without collapsing. The Dougong structure not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the buildings but also provides excellent earthquake resistance.