The design of the enormous roofs in the Forbidden City carries deep cultural significance. The use of hip roofs (roofs sloping down on all four sides) with upturned eaves represents the highest status in the social hierarchy, signaling that the building is where the emperor resides or handles important state affairs. 

 

 For example, the Hall of Supreme Harmony features a double-eaved hip roof, emphasizing its role as the venue for the most significant royal ceremonies. Meanwhile, hip roofs with gables (roofs with steep slopes on two opposite sides and shorter slopes on the other two sides) were used for structures of lesser importance, such as the Hall of Preserving Harmony.

 

Buildings serving daily functions or entertainment purposes were designed more simply, incorporating roof styles like four-sided pavilion roofs, extended eaves, or flat roofs with straight gables.

 

The roofs serve both symbolistic meanings as well as practical ones. Grand, high, and wide roofs symbolize the majesty and power of the emperor, who was regarded as the "Son of Heaven". According to Feng Shui, curved roofs help direct the flow of energy (Qi), bringing prosperity and warding off negative forces. The upturned corners of the roof symbolize growth, expansion, and create a sense of elegance and lightness.

 

  On the other hand, the curved roof design allows rainwater to flow quickly down to the ground without damaging the walls and foundation, increasing the longevity of the structure. This architectural style also helps reduce wind pressure, especially in Beijing, where strong winds are common during winter.

 

To maintain the dignity and cleanliness of the palaces, architects and craftsmen came up with a clever solution to prevent birds from perching. They designed the roofs with steeper slopes and covered them with smooth glazed tiles, making it difficult for birds to land. As a result, when visiting the Forbidden City, one will notice that no birds perch on the rooftops, keeping them pristine at all times.